The Problem Of Domestic Violence - 786 Words

The girl heard in the 911 call recording seems to be in imminent danger from exposure of domestic violence. Throughout the recording she sounds terrified as she is hysterically screaming and crying. She tells the operator that her mother and father are fighting and later noted that â€Å"this has been going on forever and ever.† Both the girl and the mother could be heard screaming â€Å"stop it.† During the recording the the girl also screams out â€Å"stop it, you are going to hurt the baby† which indicates that there is a baby who is also at risk. The girl stated that her mother has red marks on her neck. Most disturbingly, the girl screams out at the top of her lungs â€Å"oh my God, mommy† just prior to the phone disconnecting, leaving the listener to wonder what has just happened and if the mother is OK. Beyond the obvious danger of being hit (either intentionally or accidentally) during the course of the assault on the abused parent, additional dangers are posed to both the girl and the baby mentioned in the recording. Research shows several negative potential impacts children exposed to domestic violence are at risk of. In The Impact of Violence on Children, Osofsky reviews many adverse effects violence in the home can have on a child throughout the various developmental stages. Starting as early as the infant and toddler development stages and continuing throughout the various developmental stages, trauma is prevalent. Trauma â€Å"interferes with a child s normal development ofShow MoreRelatedThe Problem of Domestic Violence1600 Words   |  7 Pagesexplained to him that I was there for the Annual Domestic Violence Conference and he said to me â€Å"We have that problem here?† I told him, â€Å"That problem is everywhere and actually one in three women will face abus e in one way or another in their lifetime.† I had just learned all of this information from attending this event. I started my role as a Victim Advocate only four days previous to this day. I was not aware of the complete picture of domestic violence but I could relate this phenomena in beingRead MoreThe Problem Of Domestic Violence860 Words   |  4 PagesThis research paper is design to help us understand how much of a problem that domestic violence is. This data used in this research was gather from numerous sources including journals, articles and a book. The purpose of using this data from the resources breakdown the components how the police culture and domestic violence operate on the same level on independence without any repercussions or interference the research also looks the responses of Honolulu Police department and how its policies andRead MoreProblems With Domestic Violence564 Words   |  2 PagesDomestic violence is very delicate topic when considering i ts relationship with child development. Children who are present within a family experiencing domestic violence are likely to experience problem integrating as they grow up and are probable to be significantly affected as a result of seeing one of their tutors being aggressed. Many children who see domestic violence happening in their homes typically believe that they are the reason for differences between their parents. In addition to thisRead MoreDomestic Violence and Social Problems1268 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a devastating social problem that impacts every sector of our population. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner(USDOJ,2012). Domestic violence can be physical, economic, emotional, sexual, or psychological. Physical domestic violence is an attempt to impose physical injury such as grabbing, slapping, hitting, biting, etc. Physi cal violence can alsoRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Serious Problem1381 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no denying that domestic violence directed towards women is a serious problem all over the world, and here in the United States. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence reports that every 9 seconds, a woman is physically assaulted or abused in America.(NCADV) To understand domestic violence, one must first understand what domestic violence can consist of, and that is; the use or threat to use physical, sexual, or verbal behavior to force the partner to do something one wants; toRead MoreDomestic Violence : The Problem And Its Setting854 Words   |  4 PagesThe Problem and Its Setting a) Statement of the problem Domestic violence is a violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Domestic violence is a serious epidemic that is taking place every second, every minute and every hour of the day. People assume domestic violence only effects women and children but it also effects men and the community as whole. This paper will not only inform the reader about domestic violence but also how toRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Hidden Problem Essay969 Words   |  4 Pages Domestic violence is a hidden problem in today s society. I will why domestic violence is important to be educated on. A lot of us do not know about domestic violence, and it is important that we educate ourselves on it. I think it is very important because no should endure any type of violence. I think if you know more about domestic violence, then you might be more likely to prevent yourself from getting in that situation. The statistics of domestic abuse against wome n has been estimated as highRead MoreThe Problem of Domestic Violence Essay1933 Words   |  8 PagesThe Problem of Domestic Violence A problem has become known and to many, they feel that its about time that the general public has taken notice. This problem has been a taboo for centuries and in the mid nineties it has chosen to let itself be known, the problem that I am talking about is domestic violence, it has ruined families, and demoralized the victims for years and now because of the trial of the century we finally are allowed to discuss it in detail, without fear of reprisal, now weRead MoreThe Serious Problem of Domestic Violence2524 Words   |  11 Pagesdiscusses about family violence, a serious social problem, and its effects on the public. Family violence also known as domestic violence â€Å"is when someone uses abusive behaviour [physical, sexual, or emotional] to control and/or harm a member of [his or her] family, or someone with whom they have an intimate relationship.† (Department of Justice) The writer explains why family violence/domestic violence is a social problem and whom the issue affects. The writer describes, how the problem shallows the wholeRead MoreChild Welfare Problems And Domestic Violence1280 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresentation of how your issue has developed over time. Domestic violence can include physical, verbal, sexual and emotional abuse. This is a wicked problem, meaning that the priorities of the government change and the definitions of the source of the problem vary between fixing the blame on inadequate and irresponsible parenting versus connecting it to the stresses of the larger social environment. Child welfare problems and domestic violence are affiliated to drug abuse and unmarried parenthood

The Resilience Of The Jewish People - 982 Words

Delaney Moses PAP English II Mrs Connor April 17, 2015 Rough Draft â€Å"I marvel at the resilience of the Jewish people. Their best characteristic is their desire to remember. No other people has such an obsession with memory.† -Elie Wiesel. The Jewish people never want to forget what happened to their ancestors, what kind of jobs and tasks they were forced to do in their lifetimes. Jobs were a huge part of the Holocaust portion of World War II, only because there were not very many job opportunities available to much of anyone, especially the people of a Jewish religion. Jobs were limited for most people during the Holocaust. The Jewish people should have had more job freedoms than they did because they did not do anything wrong, the only thing the Nazi’s even remotely thought was wrong with them was their religion. Before the Jews got moved into labor camps, they were told of the jobs they could not have and the certain things they could not do. They were even â€Å"banned from working as veterinarians† (â€Å" Anti-Jewish Laws† 15). Most of them got a different job than they had when they entered the camp. For example, if a Jew was a watchmaker and got put in the camp, they could make them be a shoe repair man instead (Boyne 126). If a person was sent to a camp and looked like they were unable to work, that person was sent to their death (â€Å"Forced Labor† 10). The people that were sent to their death the most were the elderly and the young children that were barely able to walk, theShow MoreRelatedThe World Of The Holocaust1449 Words   |  6 Pageseffects of the Holocaust; specifically, on the child survivors of the Holocaust. The Holocaust created a struggle with interpersonal relationships, psychological difficulties, and caused child survivors and their families have a drive for resilience. Most people could say the Holocaust bring feelings of empathy for the casualty who went this tragic event, and feel anger toward the extremist. Although many contributed to the Holocaust, Adolf Hitler remains viewed as the main catalyst. Hitler was bornRead MoreWarsaw : A Major Center For Jewish Life1028 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the war, Warsaw was a major centre for Jewish life with a population of more than 350,000 Jews, 30% of the populace. Once it was invaded, on the 1st September 1939, it wasn’t long before preparations started to be made for the anointment of a Jewish ghetto. Warsaw Jews were ordered to wear a white armband with a blue star of David to identify themselves, which was the first step to separating the Jews from the Aryans. The ghetto was officially established on the 12th October 1940, and wasRead MoreSuffering Of A Jewish Person During The Holocaust978 Words   |  4 Pagesrecount the suffering of a Jewish person during the Holocaust. Similar accounts abound throughout the story of the Holocaust, which is arguably the most widely known genocide in history. The Holocaust was the mass murder of more than six million European Jews (along with gypsies and other people deemed â€Å"undesirable†) in concentration camps by the German Nazis from 1941-1945. It is a narrative of a human injustice at the hands of a government, but it is also one of resilience and the refusal to be silencedRead MoreAnalysis Of Schindler s S List841 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Polish-Jewish refugees persecution during World War II by Nazi Germany. Oskar Schindler is a German businessman and member of the Nazi party. He travels to Germany occupied Krakow, Poland in hopes of making his fortune. He acquires a factory and begins to produce enamelware with Jewish labor because it is cheaper. Further in the movie, an SS soldier Amon Goth arrives and begins to build a concentration camp nearby Krakow. Goth orders the Jewish Ghetto emptied and many Jewish Poles are murderedRead MoreLife Is Beautiful Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pages(1916). However, all texts highlight the central concept that though the people may embark on the same journey, they will endure different experiences and outcomes. The prescribed text â€Å"life is beautiful† is a film that looks at the discrimination that the Jewish faced in the duration of the holocaust in Germany. The main aspects that the film covers are the importance of love and family, the role of imagination and the resilience of the human spirit. The power of love and the importance of familyRead MoreEssay about Judaism1076 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor living religious cultures of the Jewish. Rich in culture and history Judaism is the first of three (including Christianity and Islam) monotheistic religions; teaching in the belief in one God. There is a cultural and religious spirit that contributes to the characterization of the Jewish people and the Jewish lifestyle. Influenced by Jewish history, the Jewish festival of Purim is celebration of deliverance from Haman’s plot to massacre the Jewish people and is observed differently within theRead MoreThe Role of Judaism in Family Relationships: Article Analysis1235 Words   |  5 PagesJudaism in Family Relationships, because Judaism plays an important role in a Jewish persons identity, Judaism should be incorporated into family-based therapy. Judaism itself is more than just a persons religious beliefs, it is also part of a Jewish persons ethnicity and culture as well. And because Judaism plays an important role in family life, a Jewish family is often influenced in its beliefs and actions by Jewish tradition, literature, and history. This influence cannot be ignored when itRead MoreThe Falling of the Second Temple: A Pivotal Point in Jewish History 1363 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the exact age of the Jewish faith is debatable, one thing is certain, it is a faith with an extensive, and at times tumultuous, history. Throughout the history of Judaism, Jewish people have faced ongoing persecution and discrimination. Despite these conflicts, the faith is alive, strong, and growing. Like many religions faced with adversity, Judaism has had to accommodate the ever-changing world to maintain their faith. One significant moment of change, the falling of the Second TempleRead MoreThe Holocaust, By Robert Burns1121 Words   |  5 PagesHitler from 1939 to 1945. There were millions of people that were cycled through the concentration camps that the Nazis built. The millions of people that were killed are just a small portion of the billions that were indirectly impacted by the horrible actions of the Nazis. I believe that Nazi Germany performed inhumane acts on the people that they put into the concentration camps, therefore indirectly affecting millions, possibly billions, of people. When Adolf Hitler came onto the scene, he claimedRead MoreReaction Paper : Family Resilience1393 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Resilience Paper In the book If I Stay, Mia and her family take a holiday road trip to her grandparents’ home one snowy morning. Due to winter road conditions, their father loses control of the car, sending it spinning off the road. The car is wrecked, killing her mother and father instantly. Both her brother and she are rushed to the hospital, fighting for their lives. While in a coma, Mia has several out of body experiences and sees first-hand the impact the accident has on those who are

Social Acceptance Essay Example For Students

Social Acceptance Essay Social AcceptanceA child goes to school, the teacher asks, Have your mom come in for a teachermother conference. Suddenly, the child is confused. For the first time hethinks about his home setting and wonders, Which mom is supposed to come in? Ihave two moms.The example given is not an unusual one. It is something that happens all thetime in todays society in which homosexual couples live with and rear childrentogether. Where most children have a mother and a father, children of gay orlesbian parents have either two moms or two dads. While some may look at thisas a taboo or , being in the Baptist belt, a sin, in todays society morethan 15% of families are with same sex parents who are raising one or morechildren. Legally, homosexual marriages are not binding, thus causing difficulty inadopting or fostering children. Due to society it is often difficult to birth achild, as well, without a husband or a father in a mothers life. Therefore,those who have children, via pregnancy, foster, or adoption have conquered avery difficult task. So, is this family an abnormal family because there are no opposite sex parents. Or is it a normal family because of the love its members share? Can we saywhat it is that makes a family. Perhaps, if we can answer these questions, wewill find the solutions we need to fulfill the doubts in our minds. Should we ever condemn someone for loving? When we judge, is this what moralityis I think not! If we would teach our children to accept love as thatwhich it is, a mutual feeling of love and respect, perhaps the prejudice andconclusions that society sees will change. We must teach that gay is not abad word, it is merely the same love as others feel, but done in a special way. Because we are different, does this make u

The Wife of Bath Would Have Won the Contest free essay sample

Section D03 The Wife of Bath Would Have Won the Contest In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, the host decides to come up with a story telling contest to help shorten the pilgrims Journey to Canterbury. He states that the person who tells the most instructive and amusing tale will have supper at the cost of all the other pilgrims. Because Chaucer does not finish all the tales, there is no winner. However, the story that stands out the most and meets the criteria in the eneral prologue is the Wife of Bath. In order to save his life, the Knight was required to come up with the answer to one question: What is the thing that women most desire? He was given a year and a day to derive an answer and it came down to the last day. He came across an old woman and she made him promise to do whatever she asked and by night time he would have his answer. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wife of Bath Would Have Won the Contest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Desperate for an answer, the Knight agreed to this and sure enough the old woman asked him to marry her. This is amusing one of the credentials to win the contest because ever in a million years would the Knight have thought the woman was going to ask for that. When it came time for them to make love to each other, the Knight simply could not do it. This is also amusing trying to picture a knight lying in bed next to an old woman. However, this leads into how to the story is instructive as well another one of the qualities to win the contest. While lying in bed together, the woman asked the Knight what it was she could do to get him to make love to her. He proceeded to tell her she was old, plain, and lowbred and nothing she could do could ake him love her. She then countered by explaining to him that if he were nicer to her she could set things right. Just because someone is of gentle birth doesnt make them a gentleman. Someone who does good deeds and kindness to others is the greater gentlemen. Then she quoted Dante by saying that good people dont become good because their parents are good but because of what they are inside. Fire is fire no matter whether it is burning in a house all by itself or if it was seen by many. Gentleness is not measured by what you possess since many people fail to ive up to what they are. But fire is still fire. Gentility is not handed down from your parentage but given by God and has nothing to do with your station in life. She goes on to tell him that even though her ancestors were not rich or of noble birth, God granted her to be a good person who didnt hurt anyone and to shrink from sinning. Didnt God choose to be born into poverty and God would never do a shameful thing. As Senaca says a person who accepts his poverty is rich even though he has nothing ecause he doesnt worry about having nothing. Juvenal puts it even better The poor can dance and sing in the relief of having nothing that will tempt a thief. When you are poor it is a great incentive to better yourself. Poverty is a kind of wealth that brings you closer to God and allows you to see who your truest friends are. The moral here is that being raised by rich parents in a lavish lifestyle does not automatically make you a good person and growing up in poverty does not mean you to be careful what you wish for. In the Knights case, he was so desperate for an answer because his life depended on it that he was willing to do anything. He would later regret this decision once he was forced to marry the old woman. This can be applied to anything in life. No matter how desperate you are or no matter what you want, think it through and be very careful what you wish for because in the end, it may not be worth it. These reasons are why the Wife of Bath would have won the contest. It is both instructive and amusing on numerous counts.

Racism Against Native Americans and African Americans free essay sample

Racism against Native Americans and African Americans Sometimes I imagine that racial diversity would be a boon to human kind if there was no such thing called â€Å"racial hatred†. Now if you tell me that if there was only one kind of race then I will tell you that if all roses were red then what you would have given for a funeral? My point is that diversity is what makes this world keep going amusingly and these notions of race and ethnicities as big and small, upper class and lower class, superior and inferior are just mere perspectives. In my opinion there is only one kind of race and that is â€Å"Human Kind† and we all are doing these buzzes because we lack unity in diversity. There are no race-specific DNA traits which demonstrate my view that racism is social but not biological. From the Roman Empire to today’s ultra modern age, from Hitler to Osama Bin Laden, and from Thomas Jefferson to Rev. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism Against Native Americans and African Americans or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jeremiah Wright; people never forget to show this acquired sense of racism. Why I called it acquired? Because a white man is not born to hate black or a black man is not born to hate white. But we are the mere appointee of this prejudiced perspective we have been taught by our family, neighborhood, and society for years and years. Society has never been able to get away from this prejudice but we pretend like we don’t care about it calling ourselves trans-racial society but I doubt the truthfulness of our intention. Why? Because the ghosts of our bitter experience of racism either towards Native Americans or towards African Americans keep on haunting us with the events like one in Rosebud and Pine Ridge counties in South Dakota or even worse event like â€Å"Jena 6† in Louisiana. It looks like this thing will go on and on unless the elimination of social prejudice to â€Å"judge people by color but not the content of character† they have as MLK used to say. But I have to be optimistic that we have been able to institutionalize this racial discrimination by creating Civil Rights Act which prohibits the discriminatory treatment in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. You have posed a very important question in the lecture that- How is that so much discrimination exists, when there are laws to protect it? The Jena 6† incident answers this query because a person who is obliged to protect the juveniles start treating them on the basis of their skin color clearly demonstrates that the laws are very weak and vague to protect one as a free citizen. I think that race is not a problem here but racism is the problem. When we use the terms race and color why it does directly applies to blacks and browns which makes me think that whites are the â€Å"status quo† of all races. As you have mentioned in the lecture that the history of the Native Americans often gets overlooked is true because the act of ethnic cleansing by the white European settlers was kind of victory to them but I actually consider it an inhumane act. And the act of Americanizing the Native Americans is an invasion of culture and norms which is the true color of a colonist. The racist images and stereotypes by the European Americans against the Native Americans as explained by the authors in chapter 6 clearly proves the â€Å"Dominant Rules† slogan. Recently, the whole world seemed obsessed talking about president Obama. Why? Because he gained astonishing success in his short political career or he is a very skilled orator or he is a very intelligent man who was also the president of prestigious Harvard Law Review. I think these are superficial reasons but the real reason is that he is the first black president in the history of United States. Anybody who runs for president should be a good orator, intelligent, and smart but Obama gained much more buzz than usual because he broke the â€Å"status-quo† as I have mentioned earlier. The black neighborhoods are generally considered poor and the white neighborhoods rich. These patters of thinking have the general consequence of institutionalizing racism in terms of poverty. The stereotype that young black men are criminals and drug abusers has further ghettoized the African- American community and has destroyed any possibility for normal family and community relations. As a result it has contributed in the disruption of the family, prevalence of more single parents, children raised without a father in the ghetto. Inability of these people to get jobs has further complicated the living standard of the people. If you are from the Boston area, it’s no surprise that there are more shootings and stabbings in Dorchester and Roxbury than Newton and Beacon Hill. So, it sends a wrong message that young black men are violent and hostile. The place where I was born and raised never had racial problem but immense ethnic and caste problem. The south Asian countries are in great turmoil of caste exploitation and ethnic exploitation which I think is new to most Americans. So, it’s very interesting for me to draw the comparisons in between racial and ethnic exploitation in terms of power. Usually, the higher castes dominate the lower castes and virtually enslave them for their benefits. The lower castes are regarded â€Å"Untouchables† which I think is an evil and the ugliest form of humanity. In case of race, I think discrimination and privilege portrays the power. At the individual level someone who is an advantaged member of a disadvantaged group could discriminate against someone less privileged than him/her or against someone with less power from a privileged group and at the institutional level that cannot happen because it is the groups in power who do the discrimination.

Diversity In The Workplace †Business Essay

Diversity In The Workplace – Business Essay Free Online Research Papers Diversity In The Workplace Business Essay Age difference is something that will always be there. No matter what, there will always be age diversity. Age is such a big factor that there is the Employers Forum on Age in the United Kingdom, which is an independent network of leading employers who recognize the value of an age diverse workforce. I believe that age will make an impact with the dominance and interactive styles more so than with the steadiness and cautious styles. Dominance and interactive styles tend to be faster paced than the other two and an older individual may not be able to keep up with the pace. The Dominance Style The dominance style is the style that I fall under so I will be able to focus more on it than the others. Individuals with the dominance style tend to be fast paced and decisive. These individuals may have a problem with age diversity due to their pace. Someone who is older may not be able to keep up with the pace that the dominant style wants to have. This will then cause the dominant style people to become impatient because they will be behind schedule. They are also insensitive to others’ feelings so they may come across as being controlling. The dominance style individuals may discriminate against certain individuals concerning religion without knowing it. The big priority for the dominant style is the goal and they may have tunnel vision and not see anything but the goal. Lack of knowledge of the religion is what may cause the problem. Gender is something that I do not think will affect the dominance style individuals much at all. The only thing that could cause a problem is if someone from the opposite sex is threatening their control or productivity. The dominance style individuals seek to have control and leadership. Differences in skills and abilities make a big difference with the dominance style. The dominance style is fast paced and task-oriented. Someone with a lack of skills and abilities will have a hard time keeping up with the dominance style. If there are a lack of skills and abilities, the dominance style will be less patient with those individuals. The dominance style will stick with the agenda and keep the conversation on subject. If an individual has a low skill and ability level, the dominance style will grow impatient with them. The Interactive Style The interactive style individuals are also fast paced. Older individuals may have a hard time keeping up but the individual style individuals are more concerned with people’s feelings than what the dominance style individuals are. They may fall behind their deadline due to this but they will be more concerned everyone’s feelings rather than the goal. Religion may not be much of a problem for this style because the individuals are more open and willing to interact. With the willingness to interact, they may learn more about others’ religious beliefs and not offend them. As I have said before, they are concerned with people’s feelings and would not want to offend them by not knowing about their religion or at least have some sort of understanding of it. I believe that the interactive style will not have a problem with gender discrimination because their priority is people, whether it is male or female. The interactive style is also less patient if there is a lack of skills and abilities. Individuals may be able to interact better with the interactive style though because they are more people-oriented than task-oriented. That could be the reason that it is called the interactive style. The Steadiness Style I do not believe that age will affect this style much because this style is slower paced and built on teamwork. Their top priority is relationships, so they will be able to interact with anyone, regardless of age. As I have said before, I believe that someone may be discriminated against concerning religion because of lack of knowledge on certain individuals’ parts. Not knowing certain beliefs or holidays may offend some individuals of that certain religion without realizing it. Gender discrimination should not be a problem with the steadiness style because, as stated before, they want to have relationships and teamwork. They seek to build friendships and it should not matter what gender the person is. The steadiness style individual is more friendly and personal than the other styles and this will help them with other people. The differences of skills and abilities should not make a difference for this style. They will be more personal and friendly with people that may lack skills or abilities by helping out and picking up some of the slack. The Cautious Style The cautious may have a problem with age not because of the slower pace but because they may not be as precise and accurate like the style is looking for. An older individual may not be able to be as precise or accurate as one would like them to be. The cautious style will probably not discriminate when it comes to religion because they are concerned with being cautious, of course, as the name states. They seek to be precise and accurate so that will probably carry over to having knowledge of various religious beliefs of coworkers or other group members. I do not believe that gender is a problem unless that person is not as systematic as the cautious style would like them to be. The skills and abilities of individuals will make a big impression on this style. The priority is the task at hand and they seek accuracy and precision. If someone is lacking in these areas, it will not set well with the cautious style. This style does not like disorganization and is very high on preparation and thoroughness. Conclusion The four styles are all different in their own ways and everything is taken differently depending on which style you are dealing with. The key, though, is how someone in a certain style can adapt and work with others from another style. Being able to do this will set those individuals apart and show that they can excel at what they do. References Employers Forum on Age. Retrieved on July 11, 2005 from efa.org.uk Alessandra, T. (2004). The DISC Platinum Rule Behavior Style Assessment, which is based on The Platinum Rule Model of Behavior Styles. Research Papers on Diversity In The Workplace - Business EssayThree Concepts of PsychodynamicHip-Hop is ArtResearch Process Part OneThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Hockey GameThe Project Managment Office SystemInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Managing Change in an organisation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Change in an organisation - Coursework Example The case indicates the existence of a large internet provision company that has employed a large number of employees. In addition, it also possesses small sales stores in two other cities. With this, it is expected that the business activities should make it possible for the organization to attain its goals and objectives in an easier manner. However, it is not possible since the culture within the organization does not provide the appropriate environment for the staff members to work together as a team and achieve the organizational goal.The cultured within the organization is so relaxed to the extent that it does not allow the organization to provide satisfactory services to its customers. This is what creates the need to change and manage the different aspects so as to ensure that the quality of services provided by the organization make it possible to meet the organizational goals and objectives. In this case, the principle problem to be addressed is the culture of the organizati on in terms of management of people and the tasks within in order to maximize the services that are provided to the customers and therefore, the returns that are produced by the organization.One of the major issues being faced by this organization is the fact that the culture within it was very relaxed. This is in the sense that the employees do not have a specific dress code, they are merely employed as friends and not in an official way that is based on the merits and demerits of the job at hand.

Genesis 12-15, 18 summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Genesis 12-15, 18 summary - Essay Example Abram builds an altar in the mountain to honour him: making it a tradition in every places he pitches tent. He made covenant with God in this alter that on His (God) promises to him. There was a time famine struck the land he was dwelling in causing him to enter Egypt by lying that Sarai was his sister. The government officials see her beauty and forward her to Pharaoh who promises Abraham a lot of wealth and slaves in exchange for her. Later the lord strikes the house of Pharaoh with plaques after which pharaoh learns of the deceit thereby confronting Abram. In the end Abram leaves Egypt chastened and wealthy. Among the many promised to him, the lord likens his Abram’s descendants to the stars in the sky. Abraham goes through so much around that period and by chapter 15, the lord changes his name from Abram to Abraham and his wife from Sarai to Sarah. In chapter 18, the Abraham is visited by three people as he was sitting at the entrance of his tent. He greats them in recognition as his Lords and welcomes them in; offering food and a place to sleep. They ask of Sarah and promised Abraham that a time like that the next year, she will be carrying a baby. Of course due to her old age Sarah laughs it off. When walking out the servants noticed Sodom and Gomorrah and how wicked the place was. Abraham pleads with them not to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah. The servants decide to leave that place without destroying it since Abraham had pleaded that there might about ten people who are still righteous in the eyes of the

Eport that outlines why sustainable development is part of the Essay

Eport that outlines why sustainable development is part of the solution to man-made global warming - Essay Example Wind energy appears to be feasible sustainable energy option, which can fulfil power needs, even while countering global warming. Table of Contents Introduction 3 Aims and Objectives 3 Global Warming and how sustainable development is the way forward 4 Sustainable options 5 Conclusion 7 References 8 Sustainable development is part of the solution to man-made global warming Introduction Man-made global warming subjects the environment to various forms of ‘assaults’ and that is having a extreme effect on the human lives as well, as both coexist. Loss of human supporting biodiversity, shortage of fresh water, drastic changes in climate, etc are having negative effect on the health of the humans. Unless this negative impact of global warming is stopped or paused or even minimized, it will continue to endanger many human lives not only in the present but also in the future. Thus, before formulating any strategies against global warming, it is necessary to understand how actio ns taken by people of current generation could have an impact or consequence for them as well as for the future generations. This aspect of understanding and caring for the people of present times as well as future, and thereby acting accordingly only constitutes sustainable development. As defined by Kates, Parris and Leiserowitz (2005) sustainable development is the â€Å"†¦ability to make development sustainable to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† Aims and Objectives Development is carried out mainly focusing on economic and materialistic aspects, without thinking about sustainability. That is, as pointed out above, sustainable development focuses on the wellbeing of not only the present generation of people but also the future, but this focus on economic aspects and materialism is destroying the environment and the people dependent on it. Thus, it is very crucial to carry out these developmental activities in a sustainable way. Sustainable development is a major part of the solution to global warming, as it eliminates the catalytic factors of global warming. After focusing on how sustainable development is the way forward for the human race, the next part of the paper will discuss the various sustainable options, particularly focusing on Wind power. The paper will end with a personal conclusion on how to stop or pause or even minimize global warming and its effects. Global Warming and how sustainable development is the way forward Global Warming is mainly caused by the GHG, particularly Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and their activities in the atmosphere. This increased CO2 emissions and the resultant global warming hots up the earth abnormally, leading to various negative effects on the environment as well as the human lives. CO2 emissions are visible in various human developmental activities starting from constructing new infrastructure to the process of elect rification. For example, Coal, used to generate electrical power in many countries around the world, is also high emitter of CO2. â€Å"With Coal having the highest carbon intensity among fossil fuels, coal-fired plants have the highest output rate of CO2 per kilowatthour.† (eia.doe.gov). As there is increasing emission of CO2, earth gets hotted up very quickly melting the

Overview of Applications to Flavonoids to Cancer

Overview of Applications to Flavonoids to Cancer Flavonoids and its effect on the proliferation of the cells: Published date suggested that flavonoids have capability to inhibit phosphate protein kinases on their specific sites. Flavonoids interact with Akt/PKB (protein-kinase B), tyrosine kinase P1KC (protein-1 kinase C), PI3-kinase (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase signaling pathways. Flavonoids have been reported to activate and inhibit the effects on these signaling pathways by modulating of their gene expressions (Williams et al., 2004). Flavonoids inhibitory mechanism has been proved by altering their receptor phosphorylations or blocking growth factor receptor binding. Flavonoids also inhibit Fyn and Lck protein kinases, involved in T cell signaling transport (Calic et al., 2005). PI3K catalyze productions of PIP1 and PIP2. PIP3 may activate the PDK1 which stimulates the Akt/PKB. Of these effects PDK1 is essential for regulator of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Bad, Bcl-2, and caspases proteins are responsible for apoptosis, these can be inhbitied by Akt pathway. Several data have been suggested that flavonoids directly inhibit the PI3K pathway by their interacting their ATP binding sites. MAPK pathway ((ERK2, JNK1 and p38) are responsible for releasing of many survival genes (c-Fos, c-Jun) and those genes which are involved in the antioxidant activity (detoxification enzymes, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione-reductase) have also been activated by low level of quercetin. Anti-cancerous properties of the flavonoids: Flavonoids also have anticancer activities by blocking their cellular mechanism. Flavonoids targets the cell cycle regulator proteins (cycline-dependent kinases and their inhibitors, protein p53 and Rb, E2Fs, ATM/ATR and surviving transition-controlling points G1/S and G2/M) (Sing et al., 2006). Flavopiridol properly inhibits the CDK1-and CDK2 cell regulating pathways (Vermeulen et al., 2003). Cell proliferation and cell viability ratio of the prostate cancer decreased with treatment of quercetin. Quercetin induced apoptosis with down-regulating mechanism of Hsp90 expression of proteins, resulting in the death of cancer cells by inhibiting the cellular growth. (Aalinkeel et al., 2008). Inhibiting cellular growth and DNA synthesis and blockage of cell cycle at S-phase in squamta cells have been reported with quercetin (Haghiac et al., 2005). Querecetin also prevents growth of nasopharyngeal cancer cells via arrest of cell cycle at G1/S phase (Ong et al., 2004). ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway stimulates the lung cancer which is derived from the A549 cell proliferation have been reported combine inhibitory effects of querecetin and kaempferol (Hung et al., 2007). Quercetin stimulates the protein expressions of p21 and p22 which inhibited the cell cycle in H epG2 cells (Mu C et al., 2007). Quercetin at the concentration of (248uM) down-regulates the mutantp53 expressions which is almost untraceable in the cell lines of the breast cancer. Negative control was too lower as compare to normal gene p53. Quercetin at the dose of 70 uM, having inhibiting activity on cell division, and trysine kinase activity, is an enzyme placed on the cell membrane and is involved in growth factors and signaling transduction in nucleus (Lamson et al., 2000). Scientific data have been reported that flavonoids especially the quercetin having oral anticancer properties. Quercetin inhibits the cellular growth and DNA synthesis depending the dose and timing of the administration. Quercetin induced apoptosis with treatment of caspase-3 proteins after 72 hours, and cell necrosis after 24-48 hours in SCC-9 cells. Flow cytometer studies confirmed cell cycle blockage at S-phase with the treatment of quercetin (Haghiac et al., 2005). Quercetin induced cell proliferation of B16-BL6 after 72 hours and also caused apoptosis in B16-BL6 cells and reduced the expressions of Bcl-2 and anti-apoptotic proteins (Zhang et al., 2000). Anti-apoptotic properties of the flavonoids: Flavonoids have been reported to induce apoptosis process by activating and modulating cellular signaling pathways resulting in death of pre-cancerous and maligne cells, which terminates cancer development or progression. Human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, treated with different concentrations of quercetin shown to inhibited cell death after 24 hours. Inhibition of Akt survival signals have been activated in the treated cells. Rapid decrease in Ser 136 phosphorylation in Bad that is a Akt target have been reported with treatment of LNCaP and 100 uM of quercetin. Quercetin have been shown to reduce the Bcl-XL, Bx ratio and enhances translocation and multimeriation of Bax in the mitochondrial membrane; cytochrome-c released by translocation, and the caspase 3, 5, 9 proteins and PARB (poli(ADP-ribose)polymerase). Remarkably, quercetin does not induce cellular viability or apoptosis at same concentrations in normal prostatic epithelial cells (Zhanget al., 2000). Exposure of cells for longer time on quercetin induced apoptosis intervened by reduction of thymidylate synthase (Ong et al., 2004). Quercetin induced apoptosis in CNE2 and HK1 cells after 24 hours of treatment and treatment was continued when necrosis was observed. HeLa cells have been exposed on non-toxic flavonoid concentrations which slightly susceptible to TRAIL induced cell death. TRAIL mediated cytotoxicity in HeLa cells was increased by apigenin and ginstein but no effect have been documented with kaempfeol and quercetin (Leeet al., 2008). Luteoline induced cell cytotoxicity by suppressing PI3K/Akt (phosphattidylinositol 3-kinase), NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa B) and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) and activates of apoptotic pathways, such as p53 protein (Lin et al., 2008 and Lopez-Lazaro., 2009). At high doses majority of the flavonoids suppressors AP-1 activity (activator protein 1) by MAPK (mitogen – activated protein kinase) pathway (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2006). Activation of cellular signaling pathways in cancer and flavonoids: Figures-9. Sources of inflammatory mediators and their origin Figure-7. Some diseases and cancers associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) Conclusion: Oxidative stress brings the changes into the cells resulting in gene mutation which leads to the carcinogenesis. It brings direct or indirect intra and inter-cellular and intercellular transduction and transcription changes by antioxidants. The role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis and tumor bearing conditions is complex and various mechanisms and substances are involved. Clinical evidence suggests that oxidative stress and inflammation linked to free radicles over generation may be the key factor in development of chronic diseases, insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular and other diseases. Excessive nutrition, stress in combination with sedentary lifestyle, can independently result in overburden of glucose and fatty acid accumulation with musle, adipose tissue and pancreatic cells. All these factors lead to chronic inflammation resulting in chronic diseases. Published data suggested that the key role of polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids as therapeutics agents in the inflammatory diseases including obesity, T2DM, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases cancer and aging. Flavonoids are the key modulators of inflammatory molecules. Flavonoids inhibits the AMPK one of the major pathway of inflammation and cancer. Activation of AMPK by flavonoids causes to increase the cancer cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and some studies suggested that it a neoplastic agent Furthermore, inflammation stimulates various inflammatory mediators, chemokine’s, cytokines, signaling transductions and transcriptional factors; overproduction for long periods may lead to chronic inflammation which in turn to chronic diseases such as neurological diseases and cancer. Better clarification of these mechanisms will be beneficial to the development of efficacious prevention and therapies of inflammation associated cancers. Moreover, effects of flavonoids at molecular mechanism and study also should be carried out on modulatory action; effects on transcription levels of the flavonoids should be studied. Fig-4. Anti-inflammatory activities of the flavonoids SOD- Superoxide dismutase 2- CAT- Catalase 3- GPx- Glutathione peroxidase 4- GR- Glutathione reductase 5- GST- Glutathione S-transferase. 6- ÃŽ ³GCS- ÃŽ ³-glutamylcysteine synthetase 7- NADPH:NQO1- quinone oxidoreductase-1. 8- HSP70- heat shock proteins. 9- MPO- myeloperoxidase 10- iNOS- inducible nitric oxidase synthase. 11- OH Hydroxyl radical. 12- O2 -superoxide radical. 12- MDA- Malondialdehyde 13- IL-2 interlukins-2 14- FMLP- Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine. 15- TNF-ÃŽ ±- Tumor necrosis factor ÃŽ ±. 16- LTB4- Leukotriene B4. 17- LTC4- Leukotriene C4. 18- TXB2- Thomboxane B2 19. PGE2- Prostaglandins e2. 20- NF-ÃŽ ºB- Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta 21- ICAM-1- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 22- VCAM-1- vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

Downs Syndrome (Mongolism) Essay -- Biology Health Science

Downs Syndrome (Mongolism) All children that are born with Downs Syndrome (previously called ‘mongolism’) have a common characteristic appearance and may also share similar congenital birth defects. Dr John Downs, of whom the condition is so named after, found that children who were born with these similar characteristics and that after testing were complete. It was found that there was a common chromosome abnormality, which is known as ‘Trisomy 21’ (Cunningham, 1996). Every pregnant woman is at risk of having a Downs Syndrome child. For example 1 in 1,000 women who are 28yrs will give birth to a child with this condition. However, the risk is much greater with a woman who is 38yrs, increasing the risk by approximately 1 in 200 births. Until recently, it was thought that a woman’s age was the only indicator to the risk involved. However, advances in medical practise can now carry out tests out by looking at a woman’s hormone and protein levels during pregnancy. Also with the information of the expectant mother’s age and the use of maternal screening, two thirds of Downs Syndrome infants can be identified whilst still in the womb. Research into the origins of Downs Syndrome has been carried out worldwide all with one common question in mind; is the condition genetic, thus making it hereditary? However, research that has been carried out has found, that children born with this condition have the same genetic makeup as a child born without the condition. However, there is one difference and that is a child born with Downs Syndrome, will have an extra chromosome. By having just one chromosome extra is enough to tip the finely tuned balance of the human body and will in turn produce physical and intellectual characteristics that are found in Downs Syndrome. It is commonly known that genes are passed from parent to child. And those most have two copies of every gene. In general one copy is passed on from both mother and father at the time of conception. The genes are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The arrangement of chemicals in the DNA strand is different for every gene (Cunningham, 1996). The genes are grouped together in long thin, thread like strands called chromosomes. Therefore, it is these chromosomes that carry the essential information, which will determine how we look, how healthy we are and whether there will be c... ...statements in to context, it is meant that essentially this is the ‘social model of disability’. In simple terms, this means that it is the environment (both physically and society’s attitudes), which are the problems and not the condition that leads to physical mental impairments. With this model, the emphasis is on overcoming the negative environments so that a person with different needs, qualities and attributes can feel included in that community. As the human race goes forward into the new millennium, is not time that we pick up those less able and carry them with us, instead of leaving them behind hoping the problem may go away ?†¦ BIBLIOGRAPHY Carr. J. (1995): Downs Syndrome: Children Growing Up. London: Cambridge University Press. Cassell. S. (1996): New Approaches To Downs Syndrome. London: Brian Stratford & Pat Gunn. Cunningham. C. (1996): Downs Syndrome: An Introduction For Parents. London: Souvenir Press. Rees. P. (1992): Heart Children. Surrey: Heart Line Association. Selikowitz. M. (1997): Downs Syndrome: The Facts. London: Oxford University Press. http://www.ds-health.com/trisomy.htm http://www.nas.com/downsyn/benke.html

Vocab In Context Questions and Strategies for SAT Reading

This is a daunting story about an abject old man whose requisitions made him wealthy but also forlorn. As a youth his life was fraught with anxiety and despondent treatment from his family. Isolated, he wallowed in his destitute self despair, which encouraged his spiteful nature and a need to become affluent. As he grew he gained an interest in making all those around him as unhappy as he was.Fueled by his dilapidated feelings he found him self in a redoubtable job in no time, he became an auditor. His primary job was to go from place to place and collect unpaid taxes, if not he would get to close their business or make requisitions of your belongings and domicile. This was of course a suitable job for someone who wanted to make other people miserable, and any attempts to pacify or allay him were dismissed with his abhorring smile.He was very famous for this smile, so famous in fact it was a well known joke among people who knew him that his smile could even assuage a feral dog. Once , on very quite winter day the old man was seen making his way down the austere street in what was considered one of the least wealthy parts of town. He dressed very formidably but that was overlooked by that nasty smile he held on his face. This was when he was struck by a lightning bolt wiping that dirty smile right off his face. By Zachary Clementz

The attitudes and feelings presented in Romeo Juliet Essays

The attitudes and feelings presented in Romeo Juliet Essays The attitudes and feelings presented in Romeo Juliet Paper The attitudes and feelings presented in Romeo Juliet Paper Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet Most the attitudes and feelings presented in Romeo and Juliet are closely linked to the themes presented in the play. The main themes of the play are developed by contrast and centre on love. These attitudes are different to the attitudes that are used today and that is why Shakespearean characters are seen to be more humorous than they are perhaps intended to be. In the opening scenes, three different kinds of love are portrayed. Sensual love is first presented in the vulgar jokes of Samson and Gregory, in the bawdy comments of the Nurse, and in Mercutios sexual jokes about Rosaline at the expense of Romeo. After this a love sick Romeo is shown, who is in love with idea of love, and believes that Rosaline is the girl of his dreams where in fact she is quite the opposite. He is the only person who is unaware of the shallowness of his love as it is purely sexual. The third type of love presented in the play is Conventional Love, this is when love is arranged by families who are looking for allies or something In return. Paris offers his rank in exchange for Juliets love; this is similar to Romeos feelings for Rosaline. He courteously requests for Juliets hand in marriage to Lord Capulet, even though his eyes had never met hers. There is no emotion here, only convenience and proper social matching. Nevertheless, against this initial presentation, Romeos feelings towards Rosaline are thrown in the air when he and Juliet are first introduced to each other at the Capulets ball. He immediately forgets about his artificial love towards Rosaline, as true love takes complete possession over his mind. But there are some opposite feelings shown also, which contrast all of the loving feelings. For example, in act 1 scene 1, Sampson and Gregory are taking a walk across the grounds where they live and they are having a casual conversation about sex. Sampson talks about how women are the weaker vessels, this shows that he believes that men are superior to women. This depicts the attitude that many males had at this time. They both talk about what they are going to do to the Montague women. Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads-take it in what sense thou wilt. What Sampson is saying here is that he is going to rape the Montague women and then cut off their heads. The word maidenhead used to mean virginity, so he what he has said has 2 meanings. The way in which he nonchalantly says these remarks would make it seem that this sort of joking was tolerable banter between young men at this time. Shakespeare also presents this chauvinistic view towards women by using extended metaphors and imagery. There is an ongoing link to natural things, such as when the head of the Capulet household says to the other male characters at his party, Inherit the delights of fresh female buds. This kind of natural imagery is used by Shakespeare to present the natural beauty of women; the word delights implied that they are special and are there to be enjoyed. Also the term fresh female buds implies that they are young, and ready to blossom into something more mature. This natural imagery implies that were the women are still beautiful, they are still to be used in a way that the servants would do. This is yet another technique used by Shakespeare; he uses certain people at different levels in the societal hierarchy as symbols to show the array of views throughout society. However, Capulet does not sound as crude as Sampson and Gregory did previously, this was an acceptable view to have towards women at the time in society where as it is unacceptable now. Shakespeare continues with his extended metaphor of nature later on the story, when Capulet is talking to Paris about him giving away her hand in marriage. He thinks that his daughter is not yet ripe to be a bride. This immediately suggests to the audience that she is being compared to a fruit, which again is something wonderful and beautiful. On the other hand, Capulet is very aware that early arranged marriage can turn sour eventually just like fruit. This is also shown in the quote too soon marred are those two early made. When Capulet says this in the Zefferelli film, he looks across to his wife, who gives him a significant sour look. This dramatic technique shows the resentment between Lady Capulet and Capulet and we know he is talking from experience of his own arranged marriage. Sampson and Gregory also talk about how they are always up for fights with the Montague servants, Sampson says, I will push Montagues men from the wall This is a metaphor presenting his hatred towards Montagues. It suggests humiliation of the opposite family because by pushing them from the walls in the streets. ampson goes onto say and I will thrust his maids to the wall. This is a pun, which also denotes embarrassment, this time of the opposite sex. The pun is made clear through sexual gestures made by Sampson. This is a dramatic technique used by Zefferelli to emphasise Sampsons violent sexual nature. Moreover, I believe that Shakespeare is specifically showing how men treated women at the time of the play and to some extent, still are, treated as objects that are to be used purely for the sexual pleasure of the male species. There is a contrast of moods throughout the play. The mood created by the love between Romeo and Juliet is bright, happy, and romantic. The prevailing mood of Verona is ugly, harsh, and cruel, as evidenced in the needless conflict between the Capulets and Montagues and the action of those touched by the conflict. The death of Romeo and Juliet creates a mood of tragedy and despair. Shakespeare is always changing the moods presented within the play; however they still all mainly revolve around love. One of the plays most consistent visual motifs is the contrast between light and dark, often in terms of night/day imagery. This contrast is not given a particular metaphoric meaning-light is not always good, and dark is not always evil. On the contrary, light and dark are generally used to provide a sensory contrast and to hint at opposed alternatives. One of the more important instances of this motif is Romeos lengthy meditation on the sun and the moon during the balcony scene, in which Juliet is metaphorically described as the sun. Shakespeare presents the prince as being very demanding and intelligent; this is shown when he says throw your mistempered weapons to the ground. Using the word mistempered acts as a pun, so therefore shows his intelligence and anger that he is feeling at the time. The word mistempered has two meanings, one of which is that the weapons were used in anger and the other is that they have been made for the wrong reason. He may have done this as a gateway so that he can get some of his views across into the play. One of the main ways that Shakespeare presents Romeo and Juliets true love is through his use of metaphors and contrasting similes. For example in the famous balcony scene the audience really gets to see how Romeos feelings have changed. The imagery of light and darkness are very important to the play and particularly to this scene. When Romeo felt he was in love with Rosaline, his mood was dark and gloomy because she was cold like the moon, however now that he has met, and is in love with Juliet, his mood becomes a lot more bright and warm, we know this because he compares Juliet to the sum, which suggests that know she is in his life, he feels warmer. Again Romeo is personifying the planets, which reminds the audience of the Greek mythology theme, this makes their love seem magical and out of this world. He also compares her to an angel, which is developing the religious symbol that was seen during their first meeting, which also suggests that their love pure, and is destiny. This reference to an angel in the dark, As glorious to this night as is a winged messenger from heaven, is an obvious contrast between dark and bright. This extended metaphor supports the idea that he feels warm and bright now she is in his life. In conclusion, Shakespeare uses a variety of metaphors, extended metaphors and comparative similes, these are use to portray the in-depth imagery. The main image that is used in Romeo and Juliet is a natural one, and it is mainly used to portray the beauty of the females in society. However, a twist is put upon the image: Sampson and Gregory talk about the beauty of women in a vulgar and violent sense. This is to show their violent and chauvinistic nature, as well as their sexual desires. These two characters symbolise and stereotype males during this period in society. Shakespeare also uses them to emphasise male dominance. The audience gets an impression of patriarchal society in general; this is because the same chauvinistic views are shown at both ends of the hierarchical system. The servants, Sampson and Gregory, share the same opinions as Lord Capulet. Romeo and Juliet show the true love that two people can share. They are presented as a constant contrast of light and dark. When they didnt have each other everything was dark and the mood was bad, however when they found each other the mood of the overall play as well as the characters brightens. Shakespeare does this to show the audience that love is not about money, status or any other conventional things; but true love is about devoted couple who share equal power. I believe that Shakespeare did this to try and educate society at the time.

Sustainable Livelihood essays

Sustainable Livelihood essays The environment is the basis of all life. Biology teaches us that everything is connected. Sustainable livelihood (SL) refers to fact that the ecosystem and all other systems, such as economic, social and cultural systems, are interrelated and affect each other daily. Sustainable livelihoods, in their simplest form, are about local efforts to alter behavior that has the ability to result in global changes. SL requires the rich to work with the poor, the privileged with the unprivileged, and the educated with the uneducated. This sharing of power and resources allows everyone, regardless of class, sex or standing, to be a part of a larger process to bring about a significant social and environmental change. Our Common Future, also known as the Bruntland Report, was written in the 1980s. This time was the first large push for environmentalists to bring the sustainability concept to the public. The report gives this quotation: Our global future depends upon sustainable development. It depends upon our willingness and ability to dedicate our intelligence, ingenuity, and adaptability-our energy-to our common future. This is a choice we can make. Sustainable development is ... development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. From that point on, sustainability gained momentum in many forums, such as the United Nations, governments and corporations. SL attempts in the past that have failed did so because of the approaches they took. Too often, foreigners came to an area, told the people what to do, and then left. This put the people in a position of disadvantage because they were not able to define their needs and, in turn, their own future. More modern SL approaches allow local people to develop their own goals for their community, and then other nations or communities support them in achieving those goals. The concept of ...

Vector Theorems Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vector Theorems - Math Problem Example Since we have a medial triangle DEF as shown above, for convenience we draw the same triangle separately as shown below. Here D (a, 0, 0), E (0, b, 0), and F (0, 0, c) be the vertices of medial triangle while N is the centroid of the triangle. By distance formula, N has the coordinates as (a/3, b/3, c/3). Let D†² be the mid-point of EF, therefore its coordinates will be (0, b/2, c/2). Now we find the distance between N and D†². Similarly 2 E†²N = EN, and 2 F†²N = FN. Thus, it means that the centroid is located two thirds of the way from the original vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side of the triangle. Now, since we have a triangle ABC and E is the middle point of BC, and P is the centroid of ABC. Therefore, by using above theorem we have OP = OA + 2/3 AE. Now we will find the centroid of ABC. Now we will find the centroid of DEF. Let Q = centroid of DEF = OQ = OD + 2/3 DM/ From above equation no.2 and equation no.3 it is evident that P=Q. Thus it has been proved that the centroid of the triangle ABC is equal to the centroid of medial triangle DEF

PDP (personal development plan) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PDP (personal development plan) - Assignment Example I have always been a very independent person who prefers to work autonomously in nearly all aspects of academics and professional life. However, with the advent of internal business auditing and external auditing consultants that continuously monitor business function and adherence to accepted accounting standards, I realised that team-working was a very strong deficiency at the personal level. Auditing systems designed to measure compliance require collaboration between accounting professionals, management and a variety of external servicepersons which prevents autonomous working. Diagnostically, I discovered through secondary research literature that many companies do not rotate their auditing teams, which builds familiarity with business professionals throughout the organisation and familiarises auditing servicepersons sustaining years of tenure with business operations, accounting procedures relevant for the business, and social relationship development.1 This will require freque nt interaction, communication and collaboration with a variety of business professionals that will expect contribution to discussion and mutual respect. This tends to conflict with my traditional need to work in segregation from others in the organisation. Developing my cooperative abilities, therefore, was established as my SMART goal since it is going to be a realistic part of the accounting environment when entering the workplace. I determined that the most appropriate goal was to ensure that I gained experience working with others by purposely engaging myself with team activities both in-school and in terms of extracurricular activities. I decided that I would begin attending study sessions and attempt working collaboratively with individuals at the Student Union in order to prepare myself for partnered study and building a sense of inter-dependency with diverse individuals maintaining unique viewpoints. This was the most practical and viable methodology of learning teamwork,

Policy Contribution part 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy Contribution part 2 - Assignment Example This proposal favors the Latino portion of the population who make up the highest number of immigrants from Mexico, but the government should consider many underlying factors, including the reasons for immigration and the effects on the United States’ resources. This report will give an overview of factors to consider when formulating an immigration policy; then propose a possible policy change and implementation plan using the fifth and sixth steps Jansson’s policy plan respectively (Jansson, 2010). According to Guyette, Tavalin and Rooker (2012), the United States has throughout history attempted to control illegal immigration into the country by passing restrictive policies and increasing border security. These approaches have failed if the debate for and against illegal immigrants is anything to go by. Data concerning illegal immigration is mostly hypothetical, since transactions concerning immigrants are mostly not recorded in any official documents. For instance, Barnes (2010) claims that it costs each native households $ 1,117 per annum to support illegal immigrants, totaling to $113 billion a year for the whole nation. The influx of illegal immigration cases can be blamed on a myriad of reasons, but the main cause is the government’s inefficiency in enforcing its policies on immigration. Therefore, the country needs to refrain from a complete overhaul of policies, which has been the main reason for increased illegal immigration due to inefficiency and inconsistencies, and adopt a stable policy that will be monitored and improved continuously. Any policy proposal change should ensure to account for all the positive and negative aspects of immigration, mostly by being fair to illegal immigrants if the merits of having them in the country outweigh the demerits. An effective policy should contribute positively to various aspects of the United

Fastenal Case Essay Example for Free

Fastenal Case Essay The comprehensive document is an overview of Fastenal Canada LTD and how it relates to sales management. The document first provides an introduction to the problem and company background of Fastenal, which includes a description of various views of Fastenal. It further goes into detail about the recommendations that relates to the two main parties involved, which are the customers and the company itself. The document also includes an in-depth implementation plan, which is broken down into short, medium, and long-term tasks to accomplish. Through out the document there is a mention of the vendor managed inventory model (VMI). By using VMI, we were able to use a different approach to avoid risks associated with the â€Å"bricks and mortar† approach. Fastenal should choose to implement the following business plan because a well thought out analysis went into determining the problem and coming up with a solution for the future growth of the company. All decisions were made with the company in mind and focusing on the strong relationship between the costumer and Fastenal. Introduction Fastenal Canada LTD is a subsidiary of Fastenal Company, which was founded in 1967. Fastenal Canada LTD operates as a wholesaler and retailer of industrial and construction supplies in Canada. They have over 200 stores across Canada, 66 of which are in the western region. Fastenal’s growth strategy has always relied heavily on new store opening because the high demand for its products and services across Canada (Fastenal, 2012). It tends to be risky as well as costly when opening stores using the â€Å"bricks and mortar† approach. The introduction of the vendor managed inventory model (VMI) has been advantageous. Fastenal receives an electronic data via email, informing them of its distributor sales and inventory stock level. This system makes it fast and efficient for the customers and sales associates. Fastenal interprets the electronic data and there is an automatic responsibility of maintaining the inventory level for the customer. Fastenal is looking for a different expansion model approach to be used as a growth driver in Western Canada. Our new proposed strategy gives Fastenal the ability not only maintains its desired identity but it gives them the ability to increase the market share and tap into a fresh new market. Our goal is to assess the situation in hand and work in the given environment to keep the strong customer relationships since it is an important component in the company. Problem Definition How can Fastenal use its new vendor managed inventory model to increase its market share? End market sales during the months of 2012 grew 19.8% from the manufacturing customers while the residential construction customers grew 17.9% (Fastenal, 2012). The advantage to VMI is that it releases the customer of having to worry about the level of their inventories. Fastenal interpret the electronic data and automatic take control of the responsibility of maintaining the inventory level for the customer. How can Fastenal reduce financial risk? Every scenario where there is a change in the way things are done or achieved there is always risks to failure or loss. In many cases where there is loss or failure, there is often a way that it could have been avoided or done differently to avoid the negative outcome. Fastenal needs to avoid these situations by planning ahead and finding ways to avoid the risks that may pose problems or loss in the near future. â€Å"Bricks and Mortar† approach induces many financial risks so another approach is necessary to prevent them. Situation Analysis Customers and the sales force are the stakeholders who are most affected. Strong customer relationships are the essence of Fastenal’s success and form an important component of their competitive advantage. The problem arises due the to lack of education the customer has about ordering online which deceases the efficiency PartStore has to offer. Ordering online reduces rushing the parts to the counter or waiting on the phone. Customers are also able to check parts availability and prices, as well as place an order. However when PartStore was introduced there was some confusion with it. Creating a frustrating relationship between the customer and sales person. Recommendations Consignment Inventory Consignment inventory usually involves the supplier, placing inventory at a customer’s location without getting rid of its ownership of the inventory. Since the owner retains the ownership of its products the customer does not pay until it is sold or used. However, before we examine how Fastenal can benefit from our proposed consignment program it is important to first examine some potential market of interest. The City of Edmonton According Edmonton’s 2012 budget report, almost all municipalities across Canada face a significant infrastructure deficit. Neighborhood renewal occurred periodically with funding from other orders of government, yet it failed to address the full life-cycle requirements of preventative maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Over time, the condition of roads, sidewalks and sewers deteriorated, resulting in more frequent collapsed sewers, increased sidewalk hazards, and dramatically increased maintenance like pothole repairs. The Office of Infrastructure and Funding Strategy highlighted the need for ongoing funding for neighborhood infrastructure to overcome an anticipated $2.2 billion funding gap in neighborhood roads and related infrastructure. This situation provides a tremendous opportunity for Fastenal to penetrate and serve this market. Market potential The total number of potential infrastructure that needs to be fixed in any given time is the market. The market potential for Fastenal products in units would be equal to the number of potential infrastructure that require repairing, assuming that each infrastructure repair would use Fastenal product. Fastenal can benefit for inventory consignment within the city of Edmonton, however administration is important to understand how the current business model can be used to Fastenal’s advantage in delivering the services. FAST 5000 is a vending machine that provides workers with immediate access to materials and equipment’s. The FAST 5000 machine is installed at customer sites and Fastenal keeps them filled with needed products ranging from safety equipment’s, cutting tools supplies to office supplies. Fastenal handles everything from the delivery of the machines to the installation and restocking of the machine whenever the inventory level becomes low. Through the flexible web reporting system Fastenal customers are able to view and manage the machine’s inventory usage. Cory Jansen, Fastenal’s Vice President of Internal Operation have claims that having the FAST 5000 have reduced production consumption in many cases by more than 30 percent (City of Edmonton, 2012). In the midst of 2.2 billion dollar worth of infrastructure repairs that the city of Edmonton needs, someone will have to supplies this market with their required materials and tools to complete the repair work. Fastenal should approach the city of Edmonton with a proposal outlining how the FAST 5000 can be beneficial to the construction site and within the city offices. The city of Edmonton as a corporation serves a population of more than 750,000 residents; the corporation is segmented into seven different departments each department is responsible for providing a particular service to Edmonton residents. We suggest that Fastenal concentrate on the four main departments within the corporation that is more likely to benefit from the FAST 5000 or the FAST 3000 services, which are the: Office of the City Manager, Sustainable Development, Transportation Services and Infrastructure Services. Office of the City Manager will benefit from the FAST 5000 if Fastenal stocks them with office supplies, such as pens, pencils, papers, etc. Since each development must akin to a strict budget the FAST 5000 can provide the solutions to maintaining those budget, by reducing product consumption, having on-hand inventory, and administration costs, while providing new insight into usage and spending habit that can be used toward next years City budget. Fastenal can implement the same strategy within other municipalities across Canada. Implementation Fastenal needs to place a unit in each site under the City of Edmonton. We believe it to be reasonable to set one to three year goal to place a FAST 5000 machine in each site over the next three years. First step is to write up a proposal to bring to the Simon Farbrother, who must approve it. He is the city manager and makes the major decisions in these cases. This process can take up to three months to be able to present the proposal. This also creates awareness of the product to the potential client. The proposal must go through other levels of approval and be voted on by the city council, therefore this may take another three months. Once the plan is approved the production and distribution can be put into motion. The city of Edmonton has many different branches and sites in the Edmonton area. The marketing department in Fastenal will start to put together the proposal and presentation. The marketing department will create a miniature FAST 5000 as part of a press kit along with a formal written proposal. The press kit will also open up and contain testimonials from previous clients Fastenal has worked with. It will also have a brief description of the key factors and attributes of the FAST 5000 and what sets it apart from prior units. Once the plan is approved, Fastenal will be required to submit the bet to the city manager. Since Fastenal is the sole provider of the vendor managed inventory systems (FAST 5000, FAST 3000). This implies that there is only one supplier that can fulfill the requirement and that any attempt to obtain bids would only result in one supplies being able to bid on the contract which is Fastenal. The bid will contain the benefits and costs of going through with the deal and the estimated completion date of placing the units in different sites throughout Edmonton. Once the city has awarded them the contract they will immediately move forward, and Fastenal will provide the services as stated in the proposal. Fastenal will place the minimum required machines in each site as outlined by the contract. Time Line Immediately| Delivering units| Week 1| Submitting a bid| Week 2| Proposal| 3 months| Meeting with Simon Farbrother | 3 months| Vote by city council| 6 months| Full Approval| TBA| Expansion into further sites and markets| Budget Since we do not have any costs that are being associated with this project our cost is zero, therefore the budget is not present. Risk and mitigation Risk| Mitigation| Underperformance of sales force | * Bring on a skilled team * Have the team mentor new people * Make teamwork part of the culture * Hire skillful and enthusiastic employees | Sales loss on FAST machines| * Proper training * Information to customer about store * Finding good location| Unrealistic customer and schedule expectations| * Make the customer feel comfortable and at ease * Set schedule goals around frequent deliveries | Conclusion The problems we wanted to address were â€Å"How can Fastenal use its new vendor managed inventory model to increase its market share?† and â€Å"How can Fastenal reduce financial risk?†   Our new proposed strategy gives Fastenal the ability to not only maintains its desired identity but it gives them the ability to increase its market share and tap into a fresh new market. Strong customer relationships are the essence of Fastenal’s success and have formed an important part of their competitive advantage. Our business purposed plan intended to keep the strong customer relationships. Through our implementation approach we have demonstrated how Fastenal can transform it’s current solution into a continued transparent business model. Fastenal’s opportunities will be awarded by the skill and creativity they have to meet the customer demands. Reference City of Edmonton. (2012). Budget. Retrieved April 2012, from http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/budget_taxes/budget-2012.aspx Fastenal. (2012). Fastenal . Retrieved April 2012, from http://www.fastenal.com Mackenzie, H. (. (2008). Sales Managment in Canada (1st Edition ed.). (D. Thompson, Ed.) Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Person Prentice Hall.

Skateboarders Nationwide Restless; A Problem That Needs Attention? :: essays research papers fc

Skateboarders Nationwide Restless; A Problem That Needs Attention? Skateboarding. A sport that only requires a board and four wheels. One needs only seventy to one hundred dollars to get one. It seems pretty simple, doesn't it? Well it's not, and for one important reason. On a typical day, a skateboarder usually gets up at about 10a.m., throws their board in the trunk of their car, puts a Bad Religion tape in the tape player, picks up several other skaters and sets off to find a good spot to aggressively push their bodies to doing the unthinkable. Defying gravity, stretching the laws of physics and subjecting themselves to much physical pain and discipline all in a day's work. Everyone takes turns trying new moves and cheering each other on, a sport with no pressure to do better than anyone else, there are no winners or losers. You skate until you are exhausted, and go to bed early only to wake up and repeat the process the next morning. Skateboarders are mostly straight-edge, which means that they do not use drugs, or alcohol. This is because skateboarding, and improving requires almost constant practice. This determination in only clouded by the effects of drugs. Anyway when one performs an intricate maneuver flawlessly, the rush is greater than any pot or coke. Unfortunately, this cannot happen when a skater is denied access to their sanctuaries, there favorite spot. A good example is given by Johnston foster- "Last summer, me and some friends were skating at Phi Beta Kappa Hall, the theater at the College of William and Mary. I pulled a phat 360 kickflip down the three steps out front. The session was hot, we were all on (landing most attempted tricks) and it wasn't too hot out side. We all sat down to rest and then heard sirens in the distance. We saw a blue and white William and Mary Police officers' car pull into the parking lot. We got ready to run, but then realized it was too late. The officer made generalizations and decided that we are the skateboarders that previous complaints had been made about. Not listening to our sides of the story, the officer proceeded to write me and five others, ages ranging from 11-17 trespass warnings, stating that we are not allowed to be on the William and Mary campus for a year. The thing that sucks is that we had never been asked to leave by anyone before, no one at Phi Beta warned us and no signs were posted. How could she do that?

The Case Against a Higher Minimum Wage

The Case Against a Higher Minimum Wage raising the minimum wage hurts the poor. It takes away jobs, keeps people on welfare, and encourages high-school students to drop out. Policy makers should be clear on the consequence of higher minimum wages. Jobs and the Minimum Wage Economists have studied the job-destroying features of a higher minimum wage. It is important to recognize that the jobs lost are mainly entry-level jobs. By destroying entry-level jobs, a higher minimum wage harms the lifetime earnings prospects of low-skilled workers. Side Effects of Raising the Minimum Wage It has been well documented that the minimum wage destroys jobs, particularly the jobs of low-skilled, young workers. However, there are other equally pernicious side effects of higher minimum wages. Higher minimum wages make it more difficult for people to leave welfare and induce high-school students to drop out. Dr. Peter Brandon of the Institute for Research on Poverty studied how raising the minimum wage affect the transition from welfare to work. [7] He found that raising it keeps welfare mothers on welfare longer. Mothers on welfare in states that raised their minimum wage remained on welfare 44 percent longer than mothers on welfare in states where it was not raised. [8]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reason for this result is that raising the minimum wage induces some people to enter the labor market who would not apply if not for the higher level. With a larger labor market, employers choose higher-skilled applicants. Thus, raising the minimum wage hurts low-skilled workers in two ways. First, there are fewer jobs available. Second, with a larger pool of applicants, competition is stiffer. Low-skilled workers have a more difficult time getting those job skills that are crucial to economic well-being. Another side effect of raising the minimum wage is that it increases the number of high-school students who drop out. [9] Some of these students do not find employment. Another group of students are part of those applicants that compete jobs away from welfare recipients. Dropping out of school is very destructive. High school drop-outs have a very difficult time improving their well-being. The Elusive Benefits of a Higher Minimum Wage The proponents of a higher minimum wage argue that it is vitally important to raise it in order to improve the lives of poor workers. However, the raise will have only a limited impact on poor working families. [10] A single parent with two children living in California would gain only 26 cents from a 90 cent increase in the minimum wage. To put this gain in perspective, each minimum wage worker who earns $4. 25 an hour brings home $3. 92 for each hour worked once payroll taxes are deducted. The employer costs of a minimum wage worker is $4. 8 an hour when the employers share of the payroll tax is included. [11] If workers could take home the amount of money it costs the employer to hire workers, they could have 62 cents more per hour. Clearly, the California parent would be better off if the tax wedge were reduced, rather than increasing the minimum wage. Conclusion we need a system that maximizes opportunities for economic well-being of low-skilled workers. Raising the minimum wage is a wrong-headed solution that will deprive young, poor Americans of an opportunity to improve their economic situation.

Gilette Case

GILLETTE CASE 1)Evaluate product innovation at Gillette throughout its history. Has Gillette been a victim of its own success? Has product innovation in the wet-shaving market come to an end? Explain. When we look at Gillette’s product innovation throughout its history, Gillette continued developing, innovating it self. Yes the product innovation in the wet-shaving market come to an end and now it is in decline part of the cycle but Gillette razors are still selling because shaving with razors has become the habit of consumers throughout the years and it is the cheapest way.Gillette also came up with personal care products. As the rivalry gets hot, Gillette comes up with new innovations, which are better than the competitors every time. 2)What do you make of the battle between Gillette and Schick? Is the battle one upmanship good for either company? The battle between Gillette and Schick is very good for the consumer. This rivalry is upmanship good for both of the companies in a way.Because everytime that one of the brands come up with a new product, the other brand decides to produce a better version of it. So the innovations always stay fresh and the consumers benefit from this battle. 3)What actions would you recommend over the next five years that would help Gillette maintain its worldwide dominance in the shaving market? What specific marketing program decisions would you recommend? Should Gillette be worried about Schick? Explain. I would recommend Gillette to focus more on the products for females.Gillette already gained a great success for men products, now the company can produce more women products such as personal care products and woman razors. Gillette should continue supporting sportive activities because sports are always global cases, by continuing this strategy Gillette can stay global. Gillette should not be worried about Schick but should always be on track so that every time Schick comes with a new product or advertisement, Gillette c an do a better one.

Word Class Definition and Examples

Word Class Definition and Examples In English grammar, a word class is a set of words that display the same formal properties, especially their inflections and distribution. The term word class is similar to the more traditional term, part of speech. It is also variously called grammatical category, lexical category, and  syntactic category (although these terms are not wholly or universally synonymous). The two major families of word classes are lexical (or open or form) classes (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) and function (or closed or structure) classes (determiners, particles, prepositions, and others). Examples and Observations When linguists began to look closely at English grammatical structure in the 1940s and 1950s, they encountered so many problems of identification and definition that the term part of speech soon fell out of favor, word class being introduced instead. Word classes are equivalent to parts of speech, but defined according to strict linguistic criteria. (David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003)There is no single correct way of analyzing words into word classes...Grammarians disagree about the boundaries between the word classes (see gradience), and it is not always clear whether to lump subcategories together or to split them. For example, in some grammars...pronouns are classed as nouns, whereas in other frameworks...they are treated as a separate word class. (Bas Aarts, Sylvia Chalker, Edmund Weiner,  The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2014) Form Classes and Structure Classes [The] distinction between lexical and grammatical meaning determines the first division in our classification: form-class words and structure-class words. In general, the form classes provide the primary lexical content; the structure classes explain the grammatical or structural relationship. Think of the form-class words as the bricks of the language and the structure words as the mortar that holds them together. The form classes also known as content words or open classes include: NounsVerbsAdjectivesAdverbs The structure classes, also known as function words or closed classes, include: DeterminersPronounsAuxiliariesConjunctionsQualifiersInterrogativesPrepositionsExpletivesParticles Probably the most striking difference between the form classes and the structure classes is characterized by their numbers. Of the half million or more words in our language, the structure words- with some notable exceptions- can be counted in the hundreds. The form classes, however, are large, open classes; new nouns and verbs and adjectives and adverbs regularly enter the language as new technology and new ideas require them. (Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar. Allyn and Bacon, 1998) One Word, Multiple Classes Items may belong to more than one class. In most instances, we can only assign a word to a word class when we encounter it in context. Looks is a verb in It looks good, but a noun in She has good looks; that is a conjunction in I know that they are abroad, but a pronoun in I know that and a determiner in I know that man; one is a generic pronoun in One must be careful not to offend them, but a numeral in Give me one good reason. (Sidney Greenbaum, Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996) Suffixes as Signals We recognize the class of a word by its use in context. Some words have suffixes (endings added to words to form new words) that help to signal the class they belong to. These suffixes are not necessarily sufficient in themselves to identify the class of a word. For example, -ly is a typical suffix for adverbs (slowly, proudly), but we also find this suffix in adjectives: cowardly, homely, manly. And we can sometimes convert words from one class to another even though they have suffixes that are typical of their original class: an engineer, to engineer; a negative response, a negative. (Sidney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelson, An Introduction to English Grammar, 3rd ed. Pearson, 2009) A Matter of Degree [N]ot all the members of a class will necessarily have all the identifying properties. Membership in a particular class is really a matter of degree. In this regard, grammar is not so different from the real world. There are prototypical sports like football and not so sporty sports like darts. There are exemplary mammals like dogs and freakish ones like the platypus. Similarly, there are good examples of verbs like watch and lousy examples like beware; exemplary nouns like chair that display all the features of a typical noun and some not so good ones like Kenny. (Kersti Bà ¶rjars and Kate Burridge, Introducing English Grammar, 2nd ed. Hodder, 2010)

Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Essays

Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Essays Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Essay Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Essay This is any substance with a pH value less than 7, an example of a strong acid is hydrochloric acid as it has a pH of 1. The solution contains free roaming H+ ions. It usually contains hydrogen ions that dissolve in water to produce hydrogen ions but these do not exist on their own in the solution. ALKALI This again is any substance 3 with a pH value more than 7, an example of a strong alkali is sodium hydroxide as it has pH of 14. Alkalis contain OH- ions that also move around freely in the solution. It is a base normally of a hydroxide of a metal in group 1 or 2 of the periodic table, that is soluble in water and produces hydroxide ions (OH) in solution. These make a solution alkaline. NEUTRALISATION This is the reaction between an acid (hydrochloric acid) and a base (alkali) to produce a salt (sodium chloride) and water only. An equal amount of hydrogen and hydroxide ions react and form together to form a neutral solution. ACID + BASE SALT + WATER (Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide Sodium chloride + Water) PREDICTION I predict that there must be an equal amount of hydrochloric acid and hydroxide for neutralisation to occur. If this happens sodium chloride will be produced to form a reaction that will be neutralised. EQUIPMENT 50cm3 burettes Conical flask Sodium hydroxide (0.5m) Hydrochloric acid (0.5m) Universal indicator Pipette droppers 25cm3 measuring cylinder Thermometer Safety goggles PICTURE OF EQUIPMENT SET UP PROCEDURE 1. Collect all the necessary equipment and put it together ready for the experiment to begin. 2. Before you begin make sure everyone is wearing safety goggles and that no one is ready to mess around to ruin the experiment or cause any accidents. 3. Measure out 25ml of sodium hydroxide into a measuring cylinder. 4. Now pour the 25ml of sodium hydroxide into the conical flask. 5. Add 12 drops of universal indicator to the sodium hydroxide making sure the substance changes to a pH colour of 14. 6. Now wash the measuring cylinder thoroughly with water to clean it. 7. You can now pour 25ml of hydrochloric acid and pour it into the burette but make sure the tape is closed at the bottom before you do. 8. Make sure you have drawn out a table to collect your results that includes the colour of the solution the pH number, the temperature and the volume of acid in cm3 you have poured into the conical flask. 9. Open the tap of the burette and then close it when 1cm3 has poured out of the tap. 10. Now record the temperature of the liquid inside of the conical flask and check the pH then record it down into your table. 11. Repeat this step until there is no dramatic change in the pH or temperature, if this occurs increase the amount let out of the burette to 2cm3. 12. When you get to around a pH of 10, change the amount of hydrochloric acid let out to 0.2cm3. 13. Once you have reached to a pH of 7 your substance is neutralised and the experiment is over. 14. Clean and wash all the equipment used with water and pack it away. FAIR TESTING 1. Use the same volume of alkali and the same concentration. 2. Always have the same volume of universal indicator. 3. Always rinse through the apparatus thoroughly with water after each trial. 4. Initially add the acid in 2cm3 amounts, through to 1cm3 and then as we approach a weak alkali. OBSERVATIONS Results from experiment 1 Volume of acid cm3 pH number Temperature oC 0 14 28 2 14 28 4 14 28 6 14 28 8 14 29 10 14 29 12 13 29 14 12 29 15 10 29 16 9 29 17 7 29 Results from experiment 2 Volume of acid cm3 Colour pH number temperature oC 2 blue green 14 29 4 blue green 14 29.5 6 blue green 13 30 8 blue green 13 30.25 10 blue green 13 30.5 12 blue green 13 30.75 14 Dark green 12 31 16 Dark green 12 31 17 Green 11 31.25 18 Green 11 31.25 19 Mid Green 10 31.5 19.5 Mid Green 10 31.5 20 Mid Green 9 31.5 20.5 Mid Green 9 31.5 20.9 Mid Green 9 31.5 21.3 Yellow 8 31.5 21.7 Mustard yellow 7 21.5 Results from experiment 3 Volume of acid cm3 Colour pH number Temperature oC 2 Blue green 14 29.5 4 Blue green 14 29.75 6 Blue green 13 30 8 Blue green 13 30.5 10 Dark green 12 30.5 12 Dark green 12 30.5 14 Mid green 11 31 16 Mid green 11 31 17 Green 10 31 18 Green 10 31 19 Green 10 31 21 Light green 9 31.5 21.5 Mustard yellow 7 31.5 CONCLUSION From doing the following experiment I have found out that yes my prediction was correct as you can see from my results. In have found out that as the volume of acid is increased so is the temperature but as the volume of acid is increased the pH number decreases, this is because it is getting a weaker alkali as more acid is poured in. EVALUATION Overall my groups experiment went very successfully, we cleaned all the apparatus thoroughly, we used the same quantity of all the solutions and we added equal accurate amounts of the solutions to make sure that everything was very fair. We carried out the procedure safely without anybody getting hurt or messing around. People made accurate measurements and generally got on with the experiment quickly but thoroughly. The only was I could improve the experiment for next time is to repeat more experiments.